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Showing posts with label Grammar Tips. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Grammar Tips. Show all posts

Wednesday, January 28, 2015

IF X WHETHER

IF x WHETHER: qual é a diferença entre elas?
Quando usamos if x whether para significar “se”? São sinônimos? Podemos usar um no lugar do outro sem problemas?
1. Perguntas indiretas
Podemos usar, em geral, a dupla if x whether para introduzir perguntas indiretas de sim ou não.
§  I’m not sure whether / if I’ll have the time.
§  I asked whether / if she had any news for me.
Depois de alguns verbos, whether é preferida a if.
§  We discussed whether we should go away for the weekend.
Em um estilo formal, whether é normalmente preferida em perguntas de duas partes com or.
§  Let me know whether you will be there or not (…if you will be there é também possível).
§  The managers haven’t decided whether they will recommend expansion or purchase another company.
2. Preposições
Após preposições, somente whether é possível.
§  We had a big argument about whether we should take a vacation.
§  He hasn’t decided the question of whether to stay here or go home.
3. Infinitivos
Whether, e não if, é usada antes de infinitivos com to.
§  They can’t decide whether to get married this year or next.
4. Sujeito, complemento e adverbial clauses
Quando for o sujeito ou complemento, whether é a palavra normalmente escolhida.
§  Whether she can stay with us is another thing entirely (sujeito).
§  The question is whether he can be trusted (complemento).
Num estilo bastante informal if é, às vezes, possível.

§  The question is if he can be trusted.

Monday, January 5, 2015

Writing Business Letters

1. When we are writing to friends or family members we can write in an informal way. We can use casual language and abbreviations.

2. When we are writing to companies, a boss or someone you don´t know, we need to use standard formal language. We should use regular spelling and punctuation rules. The formal letters are usually typewritten. They are not handwritten.

WRITING MODEL EXAMPLE: 
(click on the image to make it bigger) 

SALUTATIONS AND CLOSINGS:

Formal Salutations:

1. Dear { Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. / Dr.
2. Dear Sir or Madam
3. To whom it may concern

Formal Closings:

Sincerely,
Respectfully (yours),
Cordially,

Thursday, September 13, 2012

Five Basic Rules to Learn 400 Words in English!!




How can I learn how to write 400 words in English in just a minute?

Just follow the simple elementary rules .

I want you to understand that the rules below have one or more exceptions, which demonstrates two things: first that such exceptions only serve to confirm the rules precisely, and second it is very preferable to make a mistake one time or another and learn 400 words in English in one minute, than be concerned with the rare exception ... and not learn anything.

Rule 1 CHANGE   "DADE" TO "TY"

This rule does not work for words like verdade, idade, felicidade. Remember that, there are thousands of exceptions to the rules posted here.
For all Portuguese words ending in DADE (as the word cidade) remove DADE and put in its place  TY this CIDADE  became CITY. Let us now see some of the hundred and so many words that you have already learned  in these first twenty seconds of reading this article:

CIDADE = CITY
VELOCIDADE = VELOCITY
SIMPLICIDADE = SIMPLICITY
NATURALIDADE = NATURALITY
CAPACIDADE =  CAPACITY

Rule 2  CHANGE  "ÇÃO" TO "TION"

For more exceptions, this rule does not work for words such as: coração, refeição, ação and so on.

For all Portuguese words ending in "TION" (as in the word NA-ÇÃO) take out "ÇÃO and add "TION" this way NAÇÃO becomes NATION.
 Let us now see some of the hundreds of words in which the vast majority of them apply to this rule:

SIMPLIFICAÇÃO = SIMPLIFICATION
NAÇÃO =  NATION
VAÇÃO =  OBSERVATION
NATURALIZAÇÃO = NATURALIZATION
SENSAÇÃO =  SENSATION

Rule 3   CHANGE   "MENTE"   TO "LLY"

Exceptions: demente, futuramente among others.

For adverbs ending in "MENTE" (as the word NATURALMENTE), take the "MENTE" out and in its place put "LLY" (so the word became  NATURALLY. In Portuguese when the radical ends in "L" as TOTALMENTE, You just need to add to the word in English "LY"). Here are some of them:

NATURALMENTE = NATURALLY
GENETICAMENTE = GENETICALLY
ORALMENTE = ORALLY

Rule 4  CHANGE   "ÊNCIA"  TO  "ENCE"

For words ending in  “”(as in the case of ESSÊNCIA), take  away  "ÊNCIA" and in its place put "ENCE". Here are some of them below:

ESSÊNCE =  ESSENCE
REVERÊNCE = REVERENCE
FREQUÊNCY = FREQUENCE
ELOQUÊNCIA = ELOQUENCE

Rule  5   CHANGE  "AL"  TO "AL"

In this rule we find  words that end in "AL" (as in the word GENERAL) nothing changes, you can write exactly what you find in Portuguese the same way in English.

Here are some examples:
NATURAL =  NATURAL
TOTAL = TOTAL
GENERAL = GENERAL
FATAL = FATAL
SENSUAL = SENSUAL

As you have just seen, it was not necessary to spend more than a minute to learn 400 words in English.

Author's Tip: Giudicelli Mario, journalist.



Wednesday, August 22, 2012

English Conversation 2- Past Tense Irregular verbs



Look and see these examples!
They are good to practice!
Listen and repeat them to get the right pronunciation! 




Tuesday, August 7, 2012

How can we understand the order of pronouns better?


I believe everybody has seen this picture many times in the sports column.  
Do you remember this?  Well, I do and I use it to explain the order of pronouns  in sentences.

I can say for example:

I  like  to see my girlfriend!!!
personal pronoun       possessive pronoun     
My  car is the best, its a Volkswagen  (... it´s mine)!!
possessive pronoun

And I can use the pronouns is the same sequence as in the picture above.

In the first column we can find the personal pronouns 
                                   (I, you, he, she it, we you they)

In the second column we find the possessive pronouns 
                                   (my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)

In the third column we find the object pronoun 
                                    (me, you, him, her, it us, you, them)

He likes to see  her.
He works with me.
1st                                 3rd

I would like to take my friend with me.   
1st                                             2nd                               3rd


Did you understand?  If so click like!     


Friday, June 22, 2012

Expressions with ´make´ and ´do´



A good way to explain the difference of make and do!!!!




Saturday, April 14, 2012

Diphthongs and vowels


English Speaking - pronunciation of "ed"



Here are some videos to help you understand English in a better way!


Wednesday, January 4, 2012

Who- Grammar Tips 3

While teaching I understood something interesting that I want to share with you....

We know that there are two ways of saying something with the wh word who.
We can ask:   Who          does           Jane          see    everyday?
                       Wh word            aux                  subject             verb

And….            Who        sees            Mary    everyday?
                         Wh                verb                   subject
   
You see there is a difference, and I asked   myself the reason why,  but I didn´t understand it until I looked at the sequence of the words in the sentence. 

When I ask:     Who      does       Jane see?   
 I have a          wh word +   auxiliary +     noun + verb….  

Now let´s look at this sentence:        
                                                                  Who         sees    Mary everyday?  
Here we find a different order of words.      Wh word +      verb +     noun
Then I understood!  

Check this sentence out.  
Do you see Mary?

What is the word sequence?
It´s the auxilary word + subject + verb + noun.   


When you use an auxiliary word... a noun needs to follow it  and then the verb . 
When you use a verb first and then a subject, (the auxiliary doesn´t appear.)


Now it’s easy!!!  
If this information was useful, let us know about it.
If you have any grammar questions, ask us and we will be  glad to explain it!!!

Monday, January 2, 2012

Hint # 02 Prepositions

Hint # 02
PREPOSITION HINTS
Sometimes we don´t know when to use TO or FOR.
Look at this explanation that was taken out of English Sentence Structure:

Words that use TO:
send, give, pass, sell, send, tell, explain, lend, ask, read, describe, introduce, repeat, announce, report, suggest, speak, say, prove, mention, introduce, teach and explain.

Words that use FOR:
( For is usually used when somebody does something for someone)
ask, prescribe, buy, get, make, find, do, open, answer, close, cash pronounce and prescribe.

Examples:
I will send a book to you.
I will buy a book for you.

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